EmergencyBeginner

Rule of Nines

Estimates Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) of adult burn injuries.

Clinical Parameters

12 Variables

Awaiting Clinical Parameters

Configure the patient variables on the left and select Calculate Result to generate the clinical score and stratification.

Verified 2026 GuidelinesInstant Calculation
Jump to Formula & Clinical Protocol ↓
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High Yield Prometric TopicEmergency Medicine

Tested on Gulf Medical Boards (DHA, SMLE, MOH & HAAD)

Clinical calculations and diagnostic scoring systems like Rule of Nines frequently appear on Prometric exams. Master high-yield clinical vignettes with instant AI-powered pathophysiology rationales.

Clinical Significance & Diagnostic Standard
2026 Clinical Reference

What is the Rule of Nines?

📋Clinical Summary & Definition Capsule

The Rule of Nines is an evidence-based clinical decision rule engineered to quantify diagnostic probability, stratify clinical severity, and guide therapeutic decision-making in emergency medicine practice. The Wallace Rule of Nines is a tool used by emergency and pre-hospital providers to quickly estimate the Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) affected by a burn in an adult patient. This is crucial for guiding fluid resuscitation. Clinical scoring tools like Rule of Nines are essential in acute and outpatient management, enabling clinicians to objectively differentiate between low-risk candidates suitable for conservative therapy and high-risk patients requiring urgent interventions. Verified against current 2026 clinical standards, this tool is extensively tested on Gulf health authority licensing exams including DHA (Dubai), SMLE (Saudi Arabia), MOH, HAAD/DOH (Abu Dhabi), OMSB (Oman), and QCHP (Qatar).

💡Clinical Pearls & Diagnostic Utility

Provides a rapid, standardized method for first responders and ER clinicians to calculate the percentage of skin burned, which directly dictates fluid resuscitation volumes.

Mathematical Formulation

Formula & Calculation Parameters

The mathematical equation and clinical variables required to calculate Rule of Nines:

Head (9) + Torso front (18) + Torso back (18) + Arms (9 each) + Legs (18 each) + Genitals (1).
Risk Stratification

Score Interpretation & Clinical Stratification

Score RangeClinical InterpretationRisk Tier
≤ 15Minor / Moderate Burnyellow
≥ 15Major Burn (Needs Resuscitation)red
Clinical Limitations & Contraindications

When to Exercise Caution

Only applies to adults. Children have relatively larger heads and smaller legs, requiring the pediatric-specific Lund-Browder chart.

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Medical Review & Guidelines Compliance
MD

Clinical Review Board

Dr. Muhammad Nouman, MBBS

Capital Medical University | PMDC Reg No: 117744-P

Clinical Audit Status

✓ Verified for 2026 Guidelines

Last updated: 2026-08-07

Peer-Reviewed Medical Literature

  • Wallace AB. The exposure treatment of burns. Lancet. 1951;1(6653):501-504.
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